XI-ROR-01ej9dk98-GB-COH-RC000631-NIHR158320 University of Melbourne Indigenous communities, the world over experience poor healthcare. In addition to difficulties in accessing healthcare, poor healthcare experience and limited utilisation of healthcare services is also due to scarce opportunities available for them to engage with the design of health services and systems such that they are socially and culturally acceptable to them. Two leading research and community development organisations that have long-term trustful relationships with two indigenous communities in southern India will work with indigenous community-based organisations, NGOs and leading health systems scholars to (a) understand health systems experiences of two indigenous communities, (b) create tools and practices that could identify ways of making local health systems more responsive to indigenous communities, through using social science inquiry methods in a participatory manner and creating dialogues with implementors, health workers and community actors that could trigger change in mindsets. Objectives: a) To characterise how indigenous communities perceive, interact, and relate to health system in their specific social and historical context in two Adivasi settings in southern India. b)To describe other health systems actors’ understandings and perspectives about what constrains their ability to, and what will enable them to, deliver culturally responsive care to the indigenous communities they serve. c) To co-produce a health system responsiveness practice model with the indigenous communities, healthcare providers and policy actors to enhance the health system responsiveness. Institute of Public Health, Bangalore MS SWAMINATHAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION University College London All activities of the project directly or indirectly benefit India. 100% of benefits of the project are towards India. 148620 148620.93 RESEARCH COLLABORATION AGREEMENT signed between University College London, and, University of Melbourne, and, MS Swaminathan Research Foundation, and, Institute of Public Health Bengaluru.