--rtribe-version1 Institute of Public Health Bengaluru Indigenous communities, the world over experience poor healthcare. In addition to difficulties in accessing healthcare, poor healthcare experience and limited utilisation of healthcare services is also due to scarce opportunities available for them to engage with the design of health services and systems such that they are socially and culturally acceptable to them. Two leading research and community development organisations that have long-term trustful relationships with two indigenous communities in southern India will work with indigenous community- based organisations, NGOs and leading health systems scholars to (a) understand health systems experiences of two indigenous communities, (b) create tools and practices that could identify ways of making local health systems more responsive to indigenous communities, through using social science inquiry methods in a participatory manner and creating dialogues with implementors, health workers and community actors that could trigger change in mindsets. Objectives: a) To characterise how indigenous communities perceive, interact, and relate to health system in their specific social and historical context in two Adivasi settings in southern India. b)To describe other health systems actors’ understandings and perspectives about what constrains their ability to, and what will enable them to, deliver culturally responsive care to the indigenous communities they serve. c) To co- produce a health system responsiveness practice model with the indigenous communities, healthcare providers and policy actors to enhance the health system responsiveness. MS Swaminathan Research Foundation The University of Melbourne University College London National Institute for Health and Care Research 141033 126064 140917